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Soil Erosion Problems and Solutions

Soil Erosion

Soil Amendments and the Impacts of Soil Erosion

In theory, you could go into your backyard, dig up a section, and plant a tomato plant seedling. Over time, that tomato plant would grow more prominent, develop yellow blossoms, and those blossoms would become tomatoes that you can harvest. It doesn’t always work out. Your seedling may not do well because its root system cannot expand due to a soil that has a lot of clay in it. You may have blossom end rot because there is a lack of calcium in the ground. There are many different scenarios for why your garden isn’t able to grow vibrant plants.

When your soil doesn’t have everything that a plant needs to grow, you’ll need to make additions to the ground so that it will be ready. This scenario is where soil amendments come into play. Learn more about what soil amendments are and how you can make the most of them. 

What is Soil Amendment?

A soil amendment is something that you add to the dirt to make it more suitable for growing plants. Soil amendments can be used to address issues with aeration, nutrients, pH, and more. Each soil amendment has its own positives and negatives, so it’s often beneficial to determine what problem needs to be fixed before deciding on the proper amendment that you need to use. 

Soil Erosion and Amendments

Soil erosion can take away much-needed minerals, nutrients, and other characteristics that make up fertile soil. The wind and other agents of erosion remove dirt from your garden, and this removal of the topsoil can negatively impact the makeup of the land. If you believe that your garden may have been adversely affected by soil erosion, it is time to look into the use of amendments.

Testing Your Soil

After you’ve noticed that your soil isn’t performing as it should, it’s time to determine what is wrong. It can be very beneficial to test your soil to see what is missing or in overabundance. Some gardeners think that adding a lot of fertilizer amendments are always a good move, but too much can be just as big an issue as not enough in the soil. That’s often why it’s better to start out testing the dirt before making any changes with the amendments. 

There are testing kits that allow you to test your soil yourself to see what needs to be addressed, but you can also have it sent out to a lab to test. Once you’ve learned the cause behind your poor soil, you can choose what amendment you should use to fix it.  

How Much Soil Amendment Do I Need?

The question when it comes to how much soil amendment you need will depend on a few factors. The most important factor is what are you using the amendment to address. For instance, if you are looking to change the pH value of your soil because it’s too acidic, you’ll add lime. Too much lime and your soil’s pH can be just as problematic as soil that’s too acidic. Not enough lime and your soil’s pH won’t change enough. In some cases, it can be a delicate balancing act to get the right amount added. 

The instructions that come with the amendment can be essential in not going overboard with it. These instructions will typically tell you how much of the amendment you should add to a particular sized area. It will also tell you the specific way that you should apply it to get the most benefit from the amendment.   

What is the Best Soil Amendment?

There are a large variety of soil amendments that can work wonders on an underperforming garden. You can find topsoil, garden soil, coconut coir, compost, compost tea, fertilizers, peat moss, manure, mushroom compost, lime, gypsum, and more. 

The best soil amendments are the ones that will fix the issue that you’ve noticed. It can depend on the circumstances. For instance, container gardening does better with lighter soil compositions, so you may find that adding coconut coir to garden soil will give you the benefits from the coconut coir without weighing down the container.    

Organic Soil Amendments

Organic soil amendments are any amendments that you add to the soil that don’t contain any human-made chemicals in them. They are entirely natural, and for many, believed to be a safer option. Farms and gardens that are deemed organic can only use organic amendments. Some examples of organic amendments include manure, leaf mold, mulch, compost, and bat guano.   

Soil Amendments for Clay

Clay soil can be a real issue for gardeners. It often retains too much water, making proper drainage an issue, and can be too heavy for roots to grow into the soil thoroughly. This problem can usually be addressed by adding in an amendment to remove the negative impact that the clay can have on a garden.

Peat moss and coconut coir are two excellent amendments for dealing with soil that features a lot of dense clay. These amendments provide a couple of benefits. One is that they both help to add aeration to the dirt when mixed into the soil. It helps the earth have more air spaces for water to drain and roots to grow. It also can add mass to the land that allows it not to compact down easily. Another is that they help to retain moisture in the soil and slowly release it as needed for the plants growing. 

You’ll want to mix a decent amount of coconut coir or peat moss into the soil before planting your crops for the upcoming growing season. Continue adding the amendment until you get to the point where the clay is no longer an issue. You may also consider adding some additional topsoil in equal parts if you’re working in a large area with a lot of clay.

Your garden can only perform as well as the soil it is growing in. Sometimes, the plants need a helping hand to get them to where they could be with the perfect conditions. Gardeners that want the biggest blooms on their roses or a big crop of vegetables should look into adding soil amendments when needed. These additions to the soil can make a world of difference for how well a garden will grow.

Soil Erosion in the United States

The United States is one of the top producers of food products worldwide. According to ShareAmerica, the U.S. shipped over $139 billion worth of agricultural products just in 2018. Those are astonishing numbers since U.S. farmers struggle to feed the world despite harsh winters, torrential rains, and hot summers which all contribute to soil loss and erosion.

Why Is Soil Conservation so Important?

Over the last decade, the United States has seen radical changes in weather patterns that are resulting in massive flooding in the Midwest and California where most food crops are grown. Excessive water can compact the soil as well as cause the topsoil to wash away. Hot, dry summers sear the soil, and strong winds carry nutrient-rich topsoil away. 

Without topsoil, food crops can’t be grown, which could spell disaster for farmers trying to feed the population. The nation needs to stop the rapid loss of soil and take actionable steps towards soil conservation so farmers can continue growing much-needed food.

What Is Soil?

Soil covers all of the Earth and is comprised of thousands of components that create a dynamic ecosystem. Without soil, we could not grow food, and trees and plants that provide oxygen and clean the air would not exist. Earth would be an inhospitable place to live without soil. 

Soil is made up of decomposed minerals, water, gases, organic matter, and tiny microorganisms. For soil to support life, it must be porous enough for air and water to filter through so the microorganisms that break down organic and non-organic compounds can survive.

What is Topsoil?

Topsoil is the upper layer of soil between 3-9 inches deep and is rich in organic matter. The topsoil is where the microorganisms live and where most of the biological activity takes place. Decomposed organic matter and minerals are nutrient rich and can be found in the upper layer of soil. Microorganisms help with the decomposition and also help to fix nitrogen which is essential for plant growth. In addition, topsoil is home to worms and beetles that help to keep the soil aerated. 

Topsoil that is dark in color and has a deep earthy smell has the greatest concentration of nutrients available to plants so they can grow and thrive. In addition, rich topsoil has better water availability for plants to access. Keeping and managing topsoil from eroding is vital for agriculture and many farmers today understand the importance of managing topsoil to reduce their dependence on chemical fertilizers and nutrients.

The Importance of Soil Structure

Soil structure and texture help to determine the water holding capacity that soil has. The finer the particles of the soil and the more organic matter there is in the soil, the better the soil water availability is. If there is too much sand, water drains away, and if the soil is made primarily of dense clay, then too much water gets trapped. Soil structure needs the perfect balance of fine and dense for plants to thrive.

What Is Soil Erosion?

Factors that contribute to soil and topsoil erosion are wind, water, reduced amounts of organic matter, poor drainage of the soil, poor soil structure, and overuse of chemicals. Salinization can also be a contributing factor. Topsoil erosion is of great concern because this is where the plants receive nutrients to grow.

Not only does soil erosion take away the nutrients for the plants, but erosion can also have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. When wind or water carries topsoil away, it may end up clogging adjacent watercourses and wetlands which can restrict the flow of water and kill off food supplies to wildlife.

Soil Erosion in the  United States

According to a study by Cornell University, topsoil is disappearing at a terrifying rate in the United States, nearly 10 times faster than it can be replaced. The study states that almost two billion tons of farmland are lost to soil erosion every year resulting in loss of food crops and income.

The majority of food grown in the United States comes from the Midwest or the central valley of California, and both of these areas are seeing massive changes in weather. The loss of soil in the prime agricultural parts of the U.S. could become catastrophic if actionable steps are not taken soon to stop soil erosion.

What Are the Best United States Soil Conservation Service Organizations Available?

Fortunately, there are several organizations that provide a wealth of information about soils, soil erosion, and soil conservation.

The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) website, Natural Resources Conservation Service, has a lot of great information about soil diversity and soil conservation.

For information and education about soil use and conservation of the nations natural resources, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NCRS) works with private landowners to help create healthy ecosystems.

The National Association of Conservation Districts’ mission is to promote responsible use of all lands, and this includes soil conservation. The organization works with soil dynamics within a specific district of the United States.

Ways to Help Reduce Soil Erosion

There are several ways that farmers large and small can help with soil conservation and the prevention of soil erosion. 

One way is by not plowing, which is often called no-till farming. When a field is tilled after harvest, the topsoil gets turned over. Tilling removes plant matter and destroys beneficial microorganisms. Tilling also kills worms and insects that help to aerate the soil. No-till farming also allows the soil structure to remain intact, helping with its water holding capabilities.

Adding soil amendments, such as coir, can help improve soil’s ability to retain water, especially in soil that is heavily compacted. Coir and other soil amendments can help to loosen dense soils and help improve drainage. Adding amendments also helps to improve nutrient uptake for plants and reduce or eliminate dependency on chemical fertilizers.

Soil conservation, as well as education, are vitally important in reducing and stopping soil erosion in the United States. By helping to conserve the nation’s topsoil, the United States can continue to provide essential food crops to the world.

Control Water Runoff with a Compost Filter Sock

Soil erosion is caused by a number of factors, including urban building, natural forces, and heavy traffic. Rain, wind, physical disturbance, and overuse promote soil erosion and water runoff. While it’s not possible to prevent all elements of erosion, there are some things you can do to limit damage and promote root growth. One way to control water runoff in your garden is by using compost filter socks. 

Compost Filter Sock

Also known as silt socks, compost filter socks are commonly used in landscaping and home gardening. They are mesh tubes filled with composted wood chips, bark, and other materials. The socks’ organic build is designed to allow maximum filtration. It also means the socks are very effective at filtering water runoff and controlling sediment loss. Heavy-duty compost filter socks will perform well even under extreme conditions. 

In areas with high sediment flow, filter socks can prevent sediment runoff. While they aren’t the most attractive addition to a garden or landscape, they are certainly some of the most effective.

Filter socks are installed downslope of areas where erosion and sediment control are needed. They can also be used in place of silt fences, on paved areas, near sensitive trees, or on frozen ground. A compost filter sock is a great alternative if you don’t want to dig trenches or disturb the ground in an area where you have established vegetation.

Filter Sock Applications

The most common uses for filter socks include water diversion, perimeter control, slope interruption, ditch check, and as an alternative to silt fences. 

If you are trying to manage rain or stormwater movement, compost filter socks can be used to slow, interrupt, or divert water. This will redirect water away from areas where it could cause damage or erode soil. These socks can also reduce the speed at which water runs down a sloped bank, which helps with erosion control. 

For existing water bodies, such as rivers and ponds, compost filter socks can prevent steeped banks from running into the water. This also helps with land stabilization. Placing filter socks along a channel bed makes for an excellent retaining wall to promote the growth of new and existing vegetation.

Because moving water also tends to carry sediment, filter socks help control both water runoff and sediment erosion. If you’re building up a new area of your garden or landscaping, you can use compost filter socks to create a boundary. This will trap and retain sediment and water, preventing destruction.

Compost filter socks are economically viable options for erosion control and water runoff. There is little cost to install, clean up, or dispose of them. When you no longer need the socks for erosion control, you can cut them open and use the filling as compost directly where they lie. You can simply dispose of the mesh, which requires minimal effort in comparison to dismantling fencing and other alternatives. The organic content in compost filter socks is also good for the environment and will promote new seed growth. 

How to Use Straw Wattles for Erosion Control

Erosion control is a vital part of both residential and commercial construction and gardening projects. Ensuring your plant life has proper time to grow and preventing topsoil runoff extends the life of your property and increases your water filtration abilities. Traditional straw wattles are an economical option when you’re trying to control erosion on your property. Coir wattles or erosion mats take the convenience of straw wattles and add eco-friendly properties, like biodegradable materials, to the mix.

What Is a Straw Wattle?

Straw wattles, also known as straw worms or straw tubes, are fiber-filled rolls designed to slow or stop water flowing in areas with ditches or significant slopes. While traditionally filled with straw, the coir industry has begun to design coir erosion mats and logs that provide the same benefits as standard straw wattles but have superior water retention and biodegradability.

Why Should You Use a Straw Wattle?

Whether you choose a traditional straw wattle or seek out coir options, straw wattles are vital in land preservation efforts. Because they trap sediment, retain water, and provide a safe barrier for seed germination, straw wattles create spaces for natural plant life to grow. When trying to prevent further erosion of a location, whether it’s a ditch beside a road or a sloping hill in your backyard, encouraging the growth of local plant life is essential.

Coir mats and rolls can be highly beneficial, as they resist fungus and bacteria while providing superior water retention. They’re also biodegradable, meaning you won’t have to manually remove them; in two to five years, your coir straw wattles will break down naturally and add nutrients to your topsoil.

How Do You Install a Straw Wattle?

Proper installation of your straw wattle or mat is a key part of your erosion control project. If your wattle is improperly installed, you may find water pooling or your straw wattle shifting. This lessens or even eliminates the effectiveness of the straw wattle, as your local vegetation no longer has a stable spot to begin growing.

To install your wattle, you’ll first need to mark the locations you want the wattle to go. This generally means running a narrow channel perpendicular to your slope that curves down slightly at the ends to make sure water doesn’t pool in the middle. Digging out a small trench will help keep your straw wattle stable. You may need to use several rows to ensure proper erosion control; in this case, your straw wattles should be parallel to each other. 

Straw wattles, when installed properly and used smartly, are a great way to conserve water and prevent erosion damage to your yard, your construction project, and more. And while traditional straw wattles are certainly adequate, we highly recommend exploring the range of coir products that are more eco-friendly than traditional plastic-wrapped wattles. Coir wattles are fully biodegradable, and coir also comes in erosion-control mats that can aid with water retention and plant growth over a broader area.

Using Filter Fabric for Erosion Control

Filter fabrics, also known as geotextiles, are a type of fabric used to help prevent soil erosion and encourage plant growth. While many water filter fabrics are made out of synthetic materials, coir geotextiles have been rising in popularity.

Coir is a fiber extracted from the husk of a coconut shell. It’s tough, bacteria- and fungus-resistant, and biodegradable, making it a perfect material to use in gardening and erosion control applications. As it can be woven into a variety of different thicknesses and strengths, coir filter fabrics are easily customizable to your specific erosion control needs.

Benefits of Filter Fabrics

Land erosion is an international issue, impacting everyone from farmers to homeowners to businesses. With both significant droughts and major flooding causing erosion, it’s more important than ever to be prepared to protect your land.

Filter fabrics allow water to pass through while preventing sediment from flowing downhill or leeching into the water. By preventing dirt, stones, and other deposits from shifting, filter fabrics provide a stable area for plant life to germinate and grow. As plant life takes root, your need for filter fabrics will lessen; plants will provide natural erosion control.

Woven vs. Non-Woven Filter Fabrics

When choosing your filter fabric, it’s essential to select the fabric that would work best for your specific needs. Coir filter fabrics, for example, come in both non-woven mats and woven netting.

Different types of sediment call for different types of filter fabrics. Woven netting is best if you’re dealing with fine sediments, such as sand, or if you need something that can provide a lot of stability. Woven mesh is also great for suppressing weed growth in gardens.

Non-woven mats have a much higher flow-through rate but may allow small sediments to pass through. However, if you’re only dealing with larger sediment and have high water flow, a non-woven coir mat is likely your best option. Non-woven filter fabrics are also great for wrapping pipes or lining trench-style drains.

Using Coir as a Filter Fabric

It can be challenging to decide between synthetic filter fabrics and natural filter fabrics, especially as there’s more information about synthetic fabrics on the market. However, we strongly recommend using biodegradable materials like coir for many reasons:

  • Highly resistant to bacteria and fungus.
  • Not harmful to wildlife or domesticated animals.
  • Sustainable and natural.
  • Eco-friendly and requires little to no cleanup – will naturally decompose.
  • Available in a variety of strengths.

Coir filter fabrics have many benefits over more traditional filter fabrics, and may also be more cost-effective, depending on your needs. They can help filter water while preventing the displacement of dirt, seeds, and other vital parts of your landscape, and work equally well on slopes or flat lands such as gardens or drains. Whether you want to provide additional protection for a construction project or are trying to prevent further erosion issues on your property, coir filter fabrics are an excellent place to start.